A. Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo se-CT scanner

 

Ngemva kweminyaka yokuthuthuka, izikena ze-CT zenze intuthuko enkulu, okuhlanganisa ukwanda kwenani lezendlalelo zomtshina kanye nesivinini sokuskena esisheshayo. Kodwa-ke, izingxenye zabo zehadiwe zihlala zifana kakhulu futhi zingahlukaniswa zibe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:

 

1) I-X-ray detector gantry

2) Ikhonsoli eyenziwe ngekhompyutha

3) Ithebula lesiguli ukuze libekwe

4) Ngokwesakhiwo nangokusebenza, izikena ze-CT ziqukethe lezi zingxenye ezilandelayo:

 

Ingxenye enesibopho sokulawula ukuskena kwekhompyutha nokwakhiwa kabusha kwesithombe

Ingxenye yomshini yokuma kwesiguli nokuskena, okuhlanganisa i-gantry yokuskena nombhede

Ijeneretha ye-X-ray ene-voltage ephezulu kanye neshubhu ye-X-ray yokukhiqiza ama-X ray

Ukutholwa kwedatha nokutholwa kwengxenye yokukhipha ulwazi nedatha

Ngokusekelwe kulezi zici eziyisisekelo zesakhiwo sezikena ze-CT, umuntu angakwazi ukunquma isiqondiso esiyisisekelo sokuxazulula inkinga uma kwenzeka kuba nokungasebenzi kahle.

 

Izigaba ezimbili, imithombo, kanye nezici zamaphutha omshini we-CT

 

Ukwehluleka komshini we-CT kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: ukwehluleka okubangelwa izici zemvelo, amaphutha abangelwa ukusebenza okungafanele, nokwehluleka ngenxa yokuguga nokuwohloka kwengxenye ngaphakathi kwesistimu ye-CT, okuholela ekukhukhuleni kwepharamitha nokuguga kwemishini.

 

I-1）UFaiizicupho ezibangelwa izici zemvelo

Izici zemvelo ezifana nezinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukuhlanzwa komoya, nokuzinza kokunikezwa kwamandla kungaba nomthelela ekuhlulekeni komshini we-CT. Ukungena komoya okwanele kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu legumbi kungabangela izinto zikagesi ezifana nempahla kagesi noma ama-transformer ukuthi zishise ngokweqile, okungase kuholele emonakalweni webhodi lesifunda. Iziphazamiso zomshini kanye nokukhukhuleka okudlulele kwezinga lokushisa okubangelwa ukupholisa okunganele kungakhiqiza ama-artifact esithombe. Ukwenyuka kwamandla kagesi we-CT kungaphazamisa ukusebenza kahle kwekhompyutha, kubangele ukungazinzi ekusebenzeni komshini, ukucindezela okungavamile, ukungazinzi kwe-X-ray, futhi ekugcineni kuthinte ikhwalithi yesithombe. Ukungahlanzeki kahle komoya kungabangela ukunqwabelana kothuli, okuholela ekungasebenzini kahle kokulawulwa kokudluliswa kwesignali ye-optical. Umswakama owedlulele ungabangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-short-circuits kanye ne-electronic device. Izici zemvelo zingadala umonakalo omkhulu emishinini ye-CT, ngezinye izikhathi zize zidale nomonakalo unomphela. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina indawo yokusebenza efanele kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe amaphutha emishini ye-CT nokwelula impilo yabo yesevisi.

 

2) Amaphutha adalwe iphutha lomuntu nokusebenza okungalungile

Izici ezivamile ezibangela iphutha lomuntu zihlanganisa ukungabi nesikhathi sezinqubo zokufudumala noma ukulinganisa, okuholela ekufanisweni kwesithombe okungavamile noma izinkinga zekhwalithi, kanye nokuma kwesiguli okungalungile okuholela ezithombeni ezingathandeki. Izinto ezenziwe ngensimbi zingakhiqizwa lapho iziguli zigqoke izinto zensimbi ngesikhathi sokuskena. Ukusebenzisa imishini ye-CT eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa kungaholela ekuphahlazekeni, futhi ukukhethwa okungalungile kwamapharamitha wokuskena kungathula ama-artifact esithombe. Ngokuvamile, amaphutha omuntu awabangeli imiphumela emibi, inqobo nje uma izizathu eziyisisekelo zikhonjwa, kulandelwa izinqubo ezifanele, futhi isistimu iqalwa kabusha noma iphinde isetshenziswe, ngaleyo ndlela kuxazululwe izinkinga ngempumelelo.

 

3) Ukwehluleka kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha kanye nokulimala ngaphakathi kwesistimu ye-CT

Izingxenye zehadiwe ze-CT zingase zibe nokwehluleka kwazo kokukhiqiza. Kuzinhlelo eziningi ze-CT ezivuthiwe, ukwehluleka kwenzeka ngokuya ngethrendi emise okwesihlalo sehhashi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kulandela amathuba ezibalo. Isikhathi sokufaka sibonakala ngezinga eliphezulu lokuhluleka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala, okulandelwa izinga lokuhluleka eliphansi elizinzile phakathi nesikhathi eside seminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyisishiyagalombili. Ngemva kwalesi sikhathi, izinga lokuhluleka liyakhula kancane kancane.

 

 

a. Ukwehluleka kwengxenye yemishini

 

Amaphutha amakhulu alandelayo kuxoxwa ngawo kakhulu:

 

Njengoba ubudala bemishini, ukwehluleka kwemishini kukhuphuka minyaka yonke. Ezinsukwini zakuqala ze-CT, imodi yokuhlehla yokuzungezisa yayisetshenziswa emjikelezweni wokuskena, ngesivinini esifushane kakhulu sokuzungezisa esisuka kuyunifomu siye kancane futhi sime ngokuphindaphindiwe. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni kube nenani eliphakeme lokuhluleka kwemishini. Izinkinga ezifana nesivinini esingazinzile, ukuphotha okungalawuleki, izinkinga zamabhuleki, nezinkinga zokuqina kwamabhande zazivamile. Ukwengeza, ukuguga kwekhebula nokuphuka kwenzeke. Namuhla, iningi lemishini ye-CT isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bendandatho yokushelela ukuze ijikeleze ngendlela eyodwa, futhi eminye imishini ephezulu ifaka nobuchwepheshe bokushayela kazibuthe, okunciphisa kakhulu ukuphuka kwemishini ezungezisayo. Kodwa-ke, ama-slip rings aveza isethi yawo yamaphutha, njengoba ukungqubuzana isikhathi eside kungabangela ukuthintana okungalungile futhi kubangele ukwehluleka kwemishini nogesi njengokuphotha okungalawuleki, ukulawulwa kwengcindezi ephezulu, ukuthungela (uma kushelela kakhulu izindandatho), kanye nokulahlekelwa ukulawula. amasignali (esimeni sokudluliswa kwendandatho yokushelela). Ukugcinwa njalo nokushintshwa kwama-slip ring kubalulekile. Ezinye izakhi, njengama-X-ray collimator, nazo zithambekele ekuhlulekeni kwemishini njengokubhajwa noma ukuphuma ekulawuleni, kuyilapho abalandeli bangase bahluleke ngemva kokusebenza isikhathi eside. Ijeneretha yokushaya kwenhliziyo ebhekele amasiginali okulawula ukujikeleza kwemoto ingase ihlangabezane nokuguga noma ukulimala, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwe-pulse.

 

b. Amaphutha akhiqizwe yingxenye ye-X-ray

 

Ukulawulwa kokukhiqizwa komshini we-X-ray we-CT kuncike ezingxenyeni ezimbalwa ezihlanganisa ama-inverters ahamba ngamaza aphezulu, ama-high-voltage transformers, amashubhu e-X-ray, amasekhethi okulawula, nezintambo ezinamandla kagesi. Amaphutha ajwayelekile ahlanganisa:

 

Ukwehluleka kweshubhu le-X-ray: Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhluleka kwe-anode ejikelezayo, okubonakaliswa umsindo omkhulu ozungezayo, kanye nezimo ezibucayi lapho ukushintsha kungenzeki khona noma i-anode ibambeke, okuholela ekudluleleni kwesikhathi lapho iveziwe. Ukwehluleka kwe-filament kungabangela kungabikho imisebe. Ukuvuza kwe-glass core kuholela ekudabukeni noma ekuvuzeni, kuvimbele ukuchayeka futhi kubangele ukwehla kwe-vacuum kanye nokuvutha kwe-voltage ephezulu.

 

Ukwehluleka kokukhiqiza amandla kagesi aphezulu: Amaphutha kumjikelezo we-inverter, ukuphuka, ama-short-circuits ku-high-voltage transformer, nokuvutha noma ukuphuka kwama-capacitor anamandla kagesi ngokuvamile kubangela ukuthi i-fuse ehambisanayo ivuthe. Ukuchayeka kuba yinto engenakwenzeka noma kuphazamiseka ngokuzenzakalela ngenxa yokuvikela.

 

Amaphutha ekhebula lamandla kagesi aphezulu: Izinkinga ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa izixhumi ezixegayo ezidala ukuthungela, ukugcwala ngokweqile, noma amandla kagesi aphezulu. Emishinini yokuqala ye-CT, ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kungaholela ekugugeni nasekudabukeni kwezintambo ezivutha amandla kagesi aphezulu, okuholela kuma-short-circuits angaphakathi. Lokhu kwehluleka kuvame ukuhambisana ne-fuse ephephethiwe.

 

c. Amaphutha ahlobene nekhompyutha

 

Ukwehluleka engxenyeni yekhompyutha yemishini ye-CT akuvamile futhi ngokuvamile kulula ukukulungisa. Ikakhulukazi ibandakanya izinkinga ezincane ezinezingxenye ezifana namakhibhodi, amagundane, ama-trackballs, njll. Nokho, ukwehluleka kuma-hard disk, amadrayivu amateyipu, namadivayisi we-magneto-optical kungenzeka ngenxa yokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, nokwanda kwezindawo ezimbi okuholela esiphelele. umonakalo.

 

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nemishini ye-CT nokusetshenziswa kwama-capacitor e-ceramic anamandla kagesi kumishini ye-X-ray, sicela uvakashele ku-www.hv-caps.com.